Architecture, Engineering & Planning EVstudio | Denver & Evergreen Architect | Colorado & Central Texas | Blog » Design

Types and Design of Wood Trusses

Jim Houlette — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 21:00:42 +0000

Here are some great resources about the different types of wood trusses and how they are designed. If you have any questions about roof or floor trusses please let us know.

Alpine Engineered Products – Builder’s Guide

SBCA – Structural Building Components Association – Truss Configurations

Originally posted 2009-08-16 00:01:36.

Effect of Overdriven Fasteners on Shear Wall Capacity

Jim Houlette — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 21:00:34 +0000

APA Technical Topics - Form No. TT-012A

With the use of nail guns set too high and the speed of construction, many nails are over driven. Most building officials don't seem to notice or comment on this error. But, if they do you might have a lot of work ahead of you to add correctly placed nails or staples when the nailing is too close for additional nails. Before you start adding nails or staples consider that additional nails may cause more harm than good. If the specified nailing is at 4"o.c. or less, adding more nails can damage the sheathing and studs, reducing the shear wall capacity more than if the additional fasteners were not used. APA addressed this problem and issued a simple breakdown on when you need additional fasteners or not.

Please visit www.apawood.org for additional information and other useful technical bulletins.

Originally posted 2009-08-08 22:27:19.

Why Hire an Architect When a Contractor Offers to Design-Build

Sean O'Hara — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 21:00:15 +0000

Design-build is a common delivery method in construction and a popular buzz word in the industry. What it generally means is that you hire a single person or company who both designs your project and builds your project. Design-build can be great and it can be a real mistake. What is important is to know who the players are behind the design-build label.

Just to admit bias to new readers, EVstudio is an architecture and engineering company, we participate in many projects titled "design-build".

Design-build can be a great setup where you have a company that has experts and licensed professionals working on both the architecture and construction portions of the project. They can typically deliver a project on budget and they may be able to reduce your upfront design fees because they bury them in your total project cost.

Unfortunately, what often happens is that the design-build team is an outgrowth of only one profession. You frequently have a general contractor who has decided that they can do the design work as well. Suddenly you are hiring someone to design your home who is only marginally qualified and yet you are paying enough for the service to hire a full time architect. With this approach you are also hiring someone to design the project who is often most concerned about the simplest details and is likely to give you reasons that you can't have something more complex.

What I would advise all clients entering a design-build setup to do is make sure that you know who is actually doing the designing on the project. You should be meeting with the architect directly and be pleased with the design work that you are receiving. When we participate in design-build we meet with clients directly for the design and the contractor meets directly for the build. They only pay one bill but it is distributed according to the work involved. The architect is your advocate and more able to provide solutions based on years of full time design experience rather than excuses.

Another solution that works well for the client is hiring an architect and a contractor at the same time and working as a team throughout the project. We do this with many of our favorite contractors and it is a rewarding way to bring experienced professionals and still give the client an integrated project. While it is not truly design-build it offers many of the advantages.

There are a large number of project delivery methods in architecture and construction, please ask questions or give us a call.

Originally posted 2010-01-20 00:01:06.

Quickly Construct Concrete Pad Footings with FASTBAG

Adam Denton — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 20:59:39 +0000

At a recent seminar I attended I was introduced to the Fab-Form product called FASTBAG. This product is brilliantly simple….a textile bag you can fill with concrete and reinforcing bars to take the place of the wood formwork traditionally utilized to construct pad footings.

FASTBAG in the field.

The bags come in multiple sizes designed to replace standard pad footing sizes. While the shape of the filled bag does not look like the traditional footing the contact patch and load path are designed to be identical to a square footing as illustrated below.

I admit I have not seen these bags used in practice and unless I come across a project that requires the use of multiple pad footings I am not certain they would pay off over traditional wood forms for new construction. However, I do a lot of retrofit structural design for residential repairs and remodels and I see that the FASTBAG would have a wonderful application in this arena. I have had many projects that require new concrete pad footings to be constructed in very close quarters such as crawlspaces. I can see this product being a considerable help to a contractor who needs to construct a footing deep inside a crawlspace with only 20” of clear space to maneuver in. Stay tuned to this blog for a follow up report on the real world application of this product.

Originally posted 2011-03-31 00:21:24.

Reducing Holdowns Using OSB Exterior Sheathing

Jim Houlette — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 21:20:56 +0000

Tired of all the holdown straps?

You can eliminate many of the metal holdown straps from the upper floor wall to the main floor wall by modifying your OSB wall sheathing layout. When the OSB wall sheathing is continuous over the floor framing section or lapped with the rim board uplift loads can be transferred.

If you are utilizing prefabricated wall panels you can still have the OSB extend to the middle of the rim board. Just have the OSB extend below/above the plates as build in the shop. The only caution is, extra care is needed to prevent the overhanging OSB sheathing from being damaged during shipping.

This concept can also be utilized at the foundation sill plate to help reduce uplift loads that would otherwise require embedded straps such as STHD10RJs. In that situation, cross grain bending is not desired on the sill plate as the load transfers to the anchor bolts. The cross grain bending can be removed from the equation using mud sill anchors (MAS) attached to the exterior face of the OSB sheathing in lieu of anchor bolts. A great solution when utilizing prefabricated walls.

Typically, when building with wood you want many smaller fasteners that distribute the load out evenly rather than a few large fasteners concentrating the load.

EVstudio | Architecture and Engineering | Denver and Evergreen

Originally posted 2009-07-31 00:01:56.

Restaurant Floor Plans Free Initial Consultation

Dean Dalvit — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 21:20:43 +0000

Evstudio has had the pleasure of designing a wide variety of restaurant, cafe, bar and similar projects and it has become a specialty within our greater body of commercial work.

Overseas Cafe Floor Plan

Designing a restaurant can be difficult business if you are not fully in tune with all of the codes and regulations that go along with it. Whether you are renovating an existing retail or restaurant space or building an entirely new building, with a free initial design consultation from EVstudio, you can quickly learn the ins and outs of what you will be up against with your local jurisdiction as well as the health department. Our expert staff is well acquainted with everything from kitchen design to the egress requirements from an assembly space, and everything in between.

Boom-A-Rang Diner

And you can be sure that the building department will not permit your project without all of the required construction documentation:

Architectural plans and space design for the amount of seating, functional spaces, kitchen layout and ADA restrooms, all compliant to the fire code, accessibility, health department and even your bank.
Mechanical engineering for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (not to mention those pesky Type 1 and 2 Hoods)
Electrical engineering for the systems, lighting and refrigeration necessary
Structural changes that would need to be made within an existing space or for a new structure entirely.

The in-house integration of all of these disciplines allows EVstudio to be your most affordable choice for getting your project permitted in the shortest amount of time. We can also help you with estimating the construction cost of your restaurant design so that you know that you can build the restaurant you envision for the budget you have.

Acapulco Mexican Restaurant Floor Plan

And do not underestimate the power of good design. The atmosphere you create in your restaurant is in the top three things people claim keeps them coming back. The great food and service is your expertise, leave the quality of the space to us.

Giovanni's Italian Restaurant

So, give us a call and let's talk about your project!

Originally posted 2011-01-21 08:30:13.

LEED Project Team Formation is an Important First Step in any LEED Certification Project

Elicia Ratajczyk — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 21:20:37 +0000

The first step in preparing for the LEED Certification process on a building project is the formation of the LEED Project Team. Integrated design is one of the most important sustainability strategies and a good project team will become the key to an integrated, efficient, cost-effective and ultimately successful sustainable design and LEED Certification project. It is important to include as many of the Project Team members as may be needed early in the process because this allows for a more seamless flow of information and work and allows for the valuable input of multiple experienced and knowledgeable stakeholders in the project from the onset. Every project will have a different team formation because every project will have different needs and sometimes multiple roles may be filled by a single team member. The following list includes some of the most common team members that may be included on a LEED project:

Project Administrator – By default, the person who registers the project with the USGBC will become the Project Administrator for LEED Online. This person should be a LEED-AP (accredited professional), if possible, and should be experienced and knowledgeable about LEED certification projects and process. This person is responsible for managing the assignment of team roles in LEED Online and the management of all of the LEED documentation and coordination throughout the LEED certification process.
Developer / Owner – This is the person responsible for making the final decisions for the project including all strategies, targets, project goals, financial decisions etc.
General Contractor – This is the person responsible for the construction of the project and plays a key role in assuring that all of the LEED strategies and design elements are effectively and efficiently carried through to reality. It is helpful if this person has previous experience with LEED or green building projects but not essential if they are included in the process from the beginning of the project and there is a LEED-AP or experienced Project Administrator on the project team.
Sustainability Consultant – This person is knowledgeable and experienced with LEED, green building or sustainability projects. This person should be a LEED-AP as well and will provide valuable knowledge, resources and structure to the LEED certification process.
Architect / Designer – This is the person responsible for the architectural design of the building. An architect with experience in LEED or other green building or sustainability projects can skillfully include highly effective, low-cost sustainability strategies into the design of a high performance building such as passive solar design, reduced building footprint, etc.
Landscape Architect – This is the person responsible for the landscape planning of the site and can also skillfully include a number of highly effective, low-cost strategies into the design that will benefit the project goals and LEED certification.
Engineers – This category may include Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing) Engineering. The engineers are responsible for a large portion of the LEED criteria, including both pre-requisites and credits and are the key to designing a truly integrated and efficient building design.
Energy Modeler – This team member will model the energy usage of the building according to the required standards and utilizing the required software platforms that conform to LEED criteria and a myriad of additional modeling needs that may be included in the project goals such as analysis for tax incentives, energy rebates and additional building or energy certifications for the project.
Commissioning Authority – This is the person responsible for organizing, coordinating & overseeing the Commissioning of the building after construction and according to the LEED criteria, must have previous experience on a minimum of two LEED projects. Although the commissioning does not take place until after the major building systems have been installed and are operational, it is very helpful to include this team member early in the process so that they can provide valuable information, resources, real-world experience and knowledge from their previous LEED projects.

These team members are essential to the success of a LEED certification and building process and each of the above mentioned roles should be filled in some capacity. As previously mentioned, it is possible that a single team member may fulfill several of the above mentioned roles. For example, it is common for the MEP Engineer to also be the Energy Modeler and even sometimes the Commissioning Authority or for the Architect or Designer to be the Project Administrator and/or Sustainability Consultant. The following list includes some more team roles that are helpful to a LEED certification project and should be included in the Project Team meetings whenever possible:

Broker / Real Estate Agent
Marketing / PR Director
Financial Manager / Cost Consultant
Facility Manager
Suppliers
Key Sub-contractors
Key Stakeholders (building tenants, users, community members)

EVstudio includes several LEED-AP’s who are experienced on previous LEED certification projects. In addition, EVstudio incorporates green building practices and sustainability strategies into our design strategies for each project. There are many strategies that improve livability without increasing cost. It is our philosophy that sustainable design is sensible design and that many of the most effective strategies require great designers, not great amounts of money.

Originally posted 2009-09-12 00:24:19.

Separation of Top of Foundation Wall and Adjacent Exterior Grade

Adam Denton — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 23:50:08 +0000

One of the most commonly asked questions to the structural department involved the required distance between the top of a foundation wall and the adjacent exterior grade. The 2009 International Residential Code requires a minimum of 6 inches of separation where brick veneer is not present. The idea here is to provide a buffer zone to help prevent moisture wicking into the timber framing typically framed above residential foundations. Where brick veneer is present this requirement drops down to 4 inches.

The code text reads:

R404.1.6 Height above finished grade. Concrete and masonry foundation walls shall extend above the finished grade adjacent to the foundation at all points a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) where masonry veneer is used and a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) elsewhere.

An example of where minimum separation is close, but not met.

Originally posted 2011-04-03 00:01:32.

Fastening to Concrete – Wedge Style Expansion Anchors

Adam Denton — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 23:50:00 +0000

A 5/8" diameter wedge style expansion anchor.

There are many situations were it may become necessary to attach a timber ledger to a concrete wall. It is desirable in many new homes to lower the elevation of the finished floor to make a home more wheel chair accessible. An example of the differences between the finished floor elevations that can be achieved with a framing ledger are shown below. Additionally, when an addition is made to a residential home a timber ledger is installed so that the finished floor of the new construction can match the finished floor elevation of the existing construction while utilizing the existing foundation wall.

Conventional Floor Framing vs. Ledgered Floor Framing

Wedge style expansion anchors work because of the friction forces developed between the studded collar (see photo at top) and the concrete. To begin a typical installation a hole must first be drilled into the concrete. All manufacturer’s instructions for hole size and depth should be followed carefully because the recommendations will vary between bolts sizes and manufacturers. Once a hole is drilled and cleaned the anchor may be driven into the hole with a hammer. The studs on the collar are slightly larger than the widest diameter of the bolt so initial contact with the concrete is only at these areas. Once the bolt is driven to its specified depth a pre-drilled timber ledger may be installed over the bolts. Finally, the nuts (with supplied washer) may be installed. As the nut is tightened, the studded collar with catch on the edges of the hole in the concrete and will be forced onto the wedge. The collar will expand as it is driven onto the wedge creating a greater frictional force against the concrete. With the nut installed to the proper torque the anchor may be safely loaded to the manufacturer’s design specifications.

Originally posted 2010-07-30 23:04:52.

Proper Bearing of I-Joist Rafters

Adam Denton — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 08:02:24 +0000

As today’s architectural design trends toward more open floor plans with vaulted ceilings there is a need for economical rafters that will span long distances while maintaining a shallow profile. In many situations pre-manufactured I-joist rafters fit that need.
As a structural engineer I have inspected many roofs framed with I-joist rafters, but very few that have not needed a correction due to the I-joist bearing. While typically not a problem when the roof is flat and the I-joists bear perpendicularly on the top plate, when the rafters are sloped proper bearing becomes an issue. The simplest way to properly bear the I-joists is to attach a full length beveled block to the top plate. As a structural designer I have not gotten a lot of positive feedback from framers when I specify this method. Beveling the end of the I-joist seems to be preferred over beveled blocking. The problem comes with the compromised stiffness of the I-joist’s web once the bottom flange is beveled.

As shown in the above detail, the web of the I-joist rafter should be reinforced with plywood to increase it’s stiffness at the bearing edge. As always, blocking should be provided between rafters as well as a mechanical clip (such as the Simpson H2.5) to counteract uplift forces.

Originally posted 2010-10-25 00:01:45.